See pena on Wiktionary
{
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],
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"name": "der"
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],
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],
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"tags": [
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]
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"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
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"word": "pena"
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{
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"prohibition"
],
[
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],
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},
{
"word": "pagbawal"
},
{
"word": "pangalad"
}
]
}
],
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}
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"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
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{
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "grc",
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"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷoynéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "death penalty",
"translation": "death penalty",
"word": "pena de morte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penitencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penitente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "que pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vale a pena"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
71,
75
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
95,
102
]
],
"english": "the bishop and this Fernando Bonome, for him and for his wife, compromised themselves, under a penalty of a thousand coins, to respect this agreement",
"ref": "1370, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 103:",
"text": "o bispo et esse Ferrand Bonome por si et por sa moller se obligaron su pena de mill mor. da boa moneda para gardaren a vnna parte aa outra todas estas cousas",
"translation": "the bishop and this Fernando Bonome, for him and for his wife, compromised themselves, under a penalty of a thousand coins, to respect this agreement",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"punishment, penalty"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-fWoxudRb",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 27 23 2 2 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
55,
59
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
57,
61
]
],
"english": "so that his soul would be blessed and wouldn't wander in pain",
"ref": "1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 731:",
"text": "en guisa que a sua alma ouuese bẽeyçóm et nõ andase en pena",
"translation": "so that his soul would be blessed and wouldn't wander in pain",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pain; sadness"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-O~vHzM9w",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dor"
},
{
"word": "tristura"
},
{
"word": "mágoa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to pluck, to peel",
"translation": "to pluck, to peel",
"word": "depenar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to pluck",
"translation": "to pluck",
"word": "depenicar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "tuft, crest",
"translation": "tuft, crest",
"word": "penacho"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"id": "feather"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "pinna",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Latin pinna (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péth₂r̥",
"4": "*péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin pinna (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 27 23 2 2 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vanes or blades of a water wheel"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-n~6Eb5jc",
"links": [
[
"vanes",
"vanes"
],
[
"blades",
"blades"
],
[
"water wheel",
"water wheel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aspa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
151,
156
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
149,
157
]
],
"english": "The raven speaks, listen everyone:\n\"I come with black wings\nCutting the winds from afar\nTo arrive to these feasts.\nToday Apolo turned\nWhite my black feathers\nFor singing, as the Swan,\nThe greatness of Fonseca.\"",
"ref": "1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:",
"text": "Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:\nEu veño con asas negras\nCortando os ventos de longe\nPara chegar à estas festas.\nOge Apolo me tornou\nEn brancas as negras penas,\nPara cantar como o Cisne\nAs grandezas de Fonseca.",
"translation": "The raven speaks, listen everyone:\n\"I come with black wings\nCutting the winds from afar\nTo arrive to these feasts.\nToday Apolo turned\nWhite my black feathers\nFor singing, as the Swan,\nThe greatness of Fonseca.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-tSEV6lU8",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) feather"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pluma"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
28
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
39,
43
]
],
"english": "all of that boiled together with a hen pelt",
"ref": "1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 133:",
"text": "coito todo ensenbra con pena de gallina",
"translation": "all of that boiled together with a hen pelt",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pelt"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-qCCqFaDu",
"links": [
[
"pelt",
"pelt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) pelt"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pelica"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Pena Corveira"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penaboa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penalba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penalonga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penamaior"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penamoura"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Pendón"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Peneda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "boulder, rocky outcrop",
"translation": "boulder, rocky outcrop",
"word": "penedo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penedón"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penela"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penelas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penido"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penouco"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penouta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penouzos"
}
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "pinna"
},
"expansion": "Latin pinna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷennom",
"4": "",
"5": "head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "penha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese penha",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), either from Latin pinna (\"feather, wing\"; then \"merlon, fortress\"; then, hypothetically, \"rock\"), or from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”). Compare Portuguese penha.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 27 23 2 2 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high",
"ref": "1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 688:",
"text": "alý se leuãtara hũa pena, que era en çima moy chãa et moyto alta contra o çeo",
"translation": "there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boulder, rock"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-N3of31K-",
"links": [
[
"boulder",
"boulder"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penedo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 27 23 2 2 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hill, hillock; mountain"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-QAoSLDvX",
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"hillock",
"hillock"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"qualifier": "place names",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, place names) hill, hillock; mountain"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cabeza"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cantigas de Santa Maria"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "pt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese pena",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "péna"
},
"expansion": "Kabuverdianu péna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Portuguese pena. Cognate with Kabuverdianu péna.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Guinea-Bissau Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 21 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"id": "en-pena-pov-noun-tSEV6lU8",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "pena",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay pena",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pt",
"3": "pena",
"t": "quill"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese pena (“quill”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "la",
"3": "penna"
},
"expansion": "Latin penna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*petnā",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péth₂r̥",
"4": "*péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pen"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pen",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay pena, from Portuguese pena (“quill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Doublet of pen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pèna",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pena-pena",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "pèna"
},
"expansion": "pèna (plural pena-pena)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe‧na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 21 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berpena"
},
{
"word": "pena biru"
},
{
"word": "pena bola"
},
{
"word": "pena cahaya grafis"
},
{
"word": "pena penanda"
},
{
"word": "pena penyorot"
},
{
"word": "pena sayap burung"
},
{
"word": "pena sorot"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pen (writing utensil)"
],
"id": "en-pena-id-noun-PI45UWY4",
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bolpen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛna/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.na]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛna"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fare pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "istituto di pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prendersi la pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "valere la pena"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural pene)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pé‧na"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pé‧na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penale"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pain"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-XHjI5xYO",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dolore"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sorrow"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-LNvdgpEH",
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trouble"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-cTDfQzVe",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"worry, anxiety"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-eZBxPYnw",
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"anxiety",
"anxiety"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pity"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-jAcGwKjc",
"links": [
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sentence, penalty, punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-MVexYdb5",
"links": [
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigo"
},
{
"word": "punizione"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pé‧na"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pé‧na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 10 1 0 4 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 10 1 1 1 7 0 3 0 1 0 10 1 1 0 2 3 3 0 3 1 10 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 21 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 11 1 0 4 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 11 1 0 0 8 0 4 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 2 4 4 0 4 1 11 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 7 1 1 71 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-verb-cveyq8s-",
"links": [
[
"penare",
"penare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-verb-L-EpXMKK",
"links": [
[
"penare",
"penare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "penes",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2request": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "penes"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "lld-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 21 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penalty, punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-lld-noun-5CCwCDig",
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"links": [
[
"pēnae",
"penae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēna",
"links": [
[
"pēna",
"pena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"links": [
[
"pēnae",
"penae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"links": [
[
"pēnae",
"penae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnārum",
"links": [
[
"pēnārum",
"penarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"links": [
[
"pēnae",
"penae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnīs",
"links": [
[
"pēnīs",
"penis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnam",
"links": [
[
"pēnam",
"penam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnās",
"links": [
[
"pēnās",
"penas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnā",
"links": [
[
"pēnā",
"pena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnīs",
"links": [
[
"pēnīs",
"penis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēna",
"links": [
[
"pēna",
"pena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"links": [
[
"pēnae",
"penae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēna<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "poena"
}
],
"attestations": [
{
"date": "Mediaeval–early New Latin",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 21 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of poena"
],
"id": "en-pena-la-noun-ArMTwMOs",
"links": [
[
"poena",
"poena#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpeː.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛː.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfe",
"2": "pa",
"3": "ena"
},
"expansion": "pa + ena",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pa + ena.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfe",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mauritian Creole",
"lang_code": "mfe",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to not have"
],
"id": "en-pena-mfe-verb-j5T25Wlr",
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mauritian Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"there is not, there are not"
],
"id": "en-pena-mfe-verb-RoR71Elu",
"links": [
[
"there is",
"there is"
],
[
"there are",
"there are"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "pena"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pena",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "oblique plural",
"4": "penas",
"5": "nominative singular",
"6": "pena",
"7": "nominative plural",
"8": "penas",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)",
"name": "pro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 21 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pain; suffering"
],
"id": "en-pena-pro-noun-UF0GI7l6",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dolor"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penoso"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷoynéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penitência"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penitente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "valer a pena"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-noun-b7d48KWB",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigo"
},
{
"word": "condenação"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pain; sadness"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-noun-O~vHzM9w",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dor"
},
{
"word": "tristeza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷoynéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "intj"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pity (what a shame, what a pity)"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-intj-ldbplsmt",
"links": [
[
"pity",
"pity"
],
[
"what a shame",
"what a shame"
],
[
"what a pity",
"what a pity"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Penacova"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "penada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Penafiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Penalva"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bird feather"
},
"expansion": "etymology 2, noun sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "feather"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pẽna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pẽna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pẽna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pẽna",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "penna"
},
"expansion": "Latin penna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*petnā",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péth₂r̥",
"4": "*péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pẽna, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penna",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
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],
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{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plumagem"
}
],
"senses": [
{
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"feather"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-noun-pt:bird_feather",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pt:bird feather"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pluma"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"quill (pen made from a feather)"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-noun-pt:quill",
"links": [
[
"quill",
"quill"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pt:quill"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "penha"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"obsolete form of penha"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-noun-eVcoKHt9",
"links": [
[
"penha",
"penha#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"feminine",
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
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"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "27 6 10 1 3 1 47 4",
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{
"_dis": "26 3 11 1 7 1 42 10",
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],
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{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
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],
"id": "en-pena-pt-verb-dJ76-DVG",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
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"present",
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]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
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],
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],
"id": "en-pena-pt-verb-YHjjSUiJ",
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[
"penar",
"penar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
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"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -ɛnɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
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}
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},
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{
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},
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
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"3": "*(s)poH(y)-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)poH(y)-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)páināˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)poH(y)-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pȅna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "пе̏на",
"links": [
[
"пе̏на",
"пена"
]
],
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pȅna",
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[
"pȅna",
"pena#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
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"nominative",
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]
},
{
"form": "pene",
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"nominative",
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]
},
{
"form": "pene",
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pȇnā",
"links": [
[
"pȇnā",
"pena#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
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]
},
{
"form": "penama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penu",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
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]
},
{
"form": "peni",
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"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penama",
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"tags": [
"locative",
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]
},
{
"form": "penom",
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"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penama",
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"instrumental",
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]
},
{
"form": "pȉna",
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"alternative",
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]
},
{
"form": "pjȅna",
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"alternative",
"Ijekavian"
]
}
],
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},
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}
],
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{
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},
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}
],
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"foam",
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]
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
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}
],
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"form": "penový",
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"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "penička",
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"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "pienka",
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"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sk-ndecl",
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"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "singular",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "plural",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pena",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "peny",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pien",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pene",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "penám",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "penu",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "penách",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
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},
{
"form": "penou",
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},
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}
],
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}
],
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],
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{
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]
}
],
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],
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{
"categories": [
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
}
],
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"links": [
[
"foam",
"foam"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpena]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
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},
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"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pěna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pẹ́na",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Alt: Unknown tone or non-tonal",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "please help by adding the tonal marks.",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
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"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
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"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "péna",
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[
"péna",
"pena#Slovene"
]
],
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"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "péne",
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[
"péne",
"pene#Slovene"
]
],
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "péni",
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[
"péni",
"peni#Slovene"
]
],
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"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "péno",
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[
"péno",
"peno#Slovene"
]
],
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"singular"
]
},
{
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[
"péni",
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]
],
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "péno",
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[
"péno",
"peno#Slovene"
]
],
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"singular"
]
}
],
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"2": "f"
},
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}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pén",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "sl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 21 entries",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foam"
],
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"links": [
[
"foam",
"foam"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pèːna/"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "a duras penas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "a malas penas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "a penas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ahogar las penas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alma en pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "apenar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dar pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "de pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hecho una pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "merecer la pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ni pena ni gloria"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pena ajena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pena de la vida"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pena de muerte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pena máxima"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "qué pena me das"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "siervo de la pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sin pena ni gloria"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "so pena de"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "valer la pena"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
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"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "osp",
"3": "pena",
"4": "",
"5": "",
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"lit": "",
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"sc": "",
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"tr": "",
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},
"expansion": "Old Spanish pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
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},
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},
{
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"2": "la",
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},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
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},
{
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"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Spanish pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe‧na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penitencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penitente"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "es:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "prison sentence",
"text": "pena de prisión",
"translation": "prison sentence"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
42
]
],
"ref": "2021 June 20, Carlos E. Cué, “Las razones de los nueve indultos: “Fomentar la convivencia en Cataluña””, in El País, archived from the original on 21 Jun 2021:",
"text": "Serán parciales —solo se perdonará la pena de prisión que queda por cumplir, pero la inhabilitación para cargos públicos seguirá vigente— y reversibles.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"punishment, sentence"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-2uMyd3gv",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, law) punishment, sentence"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigo"
},
{
"word": "condena"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"english": "I feel (so) sorry for that cat.",
"text": "¡Ay, qué pena ese gato!",
"translation": "I feel (so) sorry for that cat.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pity (sympathy)"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-ZJg5fsIk",
"links": [
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) pity (sympathy)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lástima"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"pity (sympathy)",
"used in dar pena"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-7PlUf5vt",
"links": [
[
"pity",
"pity"
],
[
"dar pena",
"dar pena#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) pity (sympathy)",
"used in dar pena"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lástima"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"sorrow"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-LNvdgpEH",
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) sorrow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lástima"
},
{
"word": "tristeza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"sorrow",
"used in dar pena"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-cJnaVCWT",
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"dar pena",
"dar pena#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) sorrow",
"used in dar pena"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lástima"
},
{
"word": "tristeza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin American Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"embarrassment"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-hXcDme1T",
"links": [
[
"embarrassment",
"embarrassment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Latin America, Tenerife, uncountable) embarrassment"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vergüenza"
},
{
"word": "palta"
}
],
"tags": [
"Latin-America",
"Tenerife",
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"trouble"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-cTDfQzVe",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "problema"
},
{
"word": "dificultad"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canarian Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bellyache"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-Y~4CGHcX",
"links": [
[
"bellyache",
"bellyache"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canary Islands, often as \"penita\") bellyache"
],
"raw_tags": [
"as \"penita\""
],
"tags": [
"Canary-Islands",
"feminine",
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe‧na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 10 1 0 4 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 10 1 1 1 7 0 3 0 1 0 10 1 1 0 2 3 3 0 3 1 10 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 21 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 11 1 0 4 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 11 1 0 0 8 0 4 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 2 4 4 0 4 1 11 1 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 7 12 12 2 12 3 39 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 6 14 14 2 14 2 40 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "es:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-verb-dJ76-DVG",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-verb-YHjjSUiJ",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "es:pena",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"pena\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"pena\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }\" data-lang=\"tl\" data-title=\"pena\">\nBorrowed from Spanish pena.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish pena.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜉᜒᜈ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "pena (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)",
"name": "tl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe‧na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "apenas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "penolohiya"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 17 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-tl-noun-b7d48KWB",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kastigo"
},
{
"word": "parusa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penalty; fine"
],
"id": "en-pena-tl-noun-OqTC2Em8",
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"fine",
"fine"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 29 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pain; sorrow; grief"
],
"id": "en-pena-tl-noun-7-hOUwE3",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛː.n̪ɐ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "it",
"3": "penna"
},
"expansion": "Italian penna",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Italian penna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penayı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "penalar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penayı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penaya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penanın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penaların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "penayı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "penalar",
"f1request": "1",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-v"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 21 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "tr:Music",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plectrum"
],
"id": "en-pena-tr-noun-7xeLMPmj",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"plectrum",
"plectrum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) plectrum"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mızrap"
},
{
"word": "çalgıç"
},
{
"word": "tezene"
}
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnɑ/"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*ad poenam"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *ad poenam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "appena"
},
"expansion": "Italian appena",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *ad poenam, with apheresis of /a-/. Compare Italian appena, etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 21 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Venetan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardly"
],
"id": "en-pena-vec-adv-YmwIhKx-",
"links": [
[
"hardly",
"hardly"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 21 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of pen"
],
"id": "en-pena-vo-noun-JvpqHgOF",
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen#Volapük"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"Asturian feminine nouns",
"Asturian lemmas",
"Asturian nouns",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ameritar la pena"
},
{
"word": "valir la pena"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "penes",
"checkredlinks": "1",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "penes"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "ast-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"grief; sorrow"
],
"links": [
[
"grief",
"grief"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sentence (for a crime)"
],
"links": [
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
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"ref": "1370, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 103:",
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"Galician entries with etymon",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician feminine nouns",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Galician terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Galician terms inherited from Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Galician/ena",
"Rhymes:Galician/ena/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to pluck, to peel",
"translation": "to pluck, to peel",
"word": "depenar"
},
{
"english": "to pluck",
"translation": "to pluck",
"word": "depenicar"
},
{
"english": "tuft, crest",
"translation": "tuft, crest",
"word": "penacho"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"id": "feather"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "pinna",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Latin pinna (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péth₂r̥",
"4": "*péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin pinna (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"vanes or blades of a water wheel"
],
"links": [
[
"vanes",
"vanes"
],
[
"blades",
"blades"
],
[
"water wheel",
"water wheel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aspa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Galician terms with archaic senses",
"Galician terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
151,
156
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
149,
157
]
],
"english": "The raven speaks, listen everyone:\n\"I come with black wings\nCutting the winds from afar\nTo arrive to these feasts.\nToday Apolo turned\nWhite my black feathers\nFor singing, as the Swan,\nThe greatness of Fonseca.\"",
"ref": "1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:",
"text": "Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:\nEu veño con asas negras\nCortando os ventos de longe\nPara chegar à estas festas.\nOge Apolo me tornou\nEn brancas as negras penas,\nPara cantar como o Cisne\nAs grandezas de Fonseca.",
"translation": "The raven speaks, listen everyone:\n\"I come with black wings\nCutting the winds from afar\nTo arrive to these feasts.\nToday Apolo turned\nWhite my black feathers\nFor singing, as the Swan,\nThe greatness of Fonseca.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) feather"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pluma"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Galician terms with archaic senses",
"Galician terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
28
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
39,
43
]
],
"english": "all of that boiled together with a hen pelt",
"ref": "1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 133:",
"text": "coito todo ensenbra con pena de gallina",
"translation": "all of that boiled together with a hen pelt",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pelt"
],
"links": [
[
"pelt",
"pelt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) pelt"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pelica"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician feminine nouns",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Galician terms inherited from Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Galician/ena",
"Rhymes:Galician/ena/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Pena"
},
{
"word": "Pena Corveira"
},
{
"word": "Penaboa"
},
{
"word": "Penalba"
},
{
"word": "Penalonga"
},
{
"word": "Penamaior"
},
{
"word": "Penamoura"
},
{
"word": "Pendón"
},
{
"word": "Peneda"
},
{
"english": "boulder, rocky outcrop",
"translation": "boulder, rocky outcrop",
"word": "penedo"
},
{
"word": "Penedón"
},
{
"word": "Penela"
},
{
"word": "Penelas"
},
{
"word": "Penido"
},
{
"word": "Penouco"
},
{
"word": "Penouta"
},
{
"word": "Penouzos"
}
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "pinna"
},
"expansion": "Latin pinna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷennom",
"4": "",
"5": "head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "penha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese penha",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), either from Latin pinna (\"feather, wing\"; then \"merlon, fortress\"; then, hypothetically, \"rock\"), or from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”). Compare Portuguese penha.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Galician terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"english": "there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high",
"ref": "1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 688:",
"text": "alý se leuãtara hũa pena, que era en çima moy chãa et moyto alta contra o çeo",
"translation": "there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boulder, rock"
],
"links": [
[
"boulder",
"boulder"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penedo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Galician terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"hill, hillock; mountain"
],
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"hillock",
"hillock"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"qualifier": "place names",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, place names) hill, hillock; mountain"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cabeza"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cantigas de Santa Maria"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "pt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese pena",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "péna"
},
"expansion": "Kabuverdianu péna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Portuguese pena. Cognate with Kabuverdianu péna.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Guinea-Bissau Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Guinea-Bissau Creole lemmas",
"Guinea-Bissau Creole nouns",
"Guinea-Bissau Creole terms derived from Portuguese",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "berpena"
},
{
"word": "pena biru"
},
{
"word": "pena bola"
},
{
"word": "pena cahaya grafis"
},
{
"word": "pena penanda"
},
{
"word": "pena penyorot"
},
{
"word": "pena sayap burung"
},
{
"word": "pena sorot"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "pena",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay pena",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pt",
"3": "pena",
"t": "quill"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese pena (“quill”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "la",
"3": "penna"
},
"expansion": "Latin penna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*petnā",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péth₂r̥",
"4": "*péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pen"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pen",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay pena, from Portuguese pena (“quill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Doublet of pen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pèna",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pena-pena",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "pèna"
},
"expansion": "pèna (plural pena-pena)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe‧na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian doublets",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms derived from Latin",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Portuguese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/ɛna",
"Rhymes:Indonesian/ɛna/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"pen (writing utensil)"
],
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bolpen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛna/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.na]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Indonesian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛna"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms inherited from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ena",
"Rhymes:Italian/ena/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fare pena"
},
{
"word": "istituto di pena"
},
{
"word": "penare"
},
{
"word": "prendersi la pena"
},
{
"word": "valere la pena"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural pene)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pé‧na"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pé‧na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "penale"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pain"
],
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dolore"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sorrow"
],
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trouble"
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"worry, anxiety"
],
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"anxiety",
"anxiety"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pity"
],
"links": [
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sentence, penalty, punishment"
],
"links": [
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigo"
},
{
"word": "punizione"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/ena",
"Rhymes:Italian/ena/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pé‧na"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pé‧na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"penare",
"penare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"penare",
"penare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "penes",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2request": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "penes"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "lld-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"Ladin feminine nouns",
"Ladin lemmas",
"Ladin nouns",
"Ladin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Ladin terms derived from Latin",
"Ladin terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"penalty, punishment"
],
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"links": [
[
"pēnae",
"penae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēna",
"links": [
[
"pēna",
"pena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"links": [
[
"pēnae",
"penae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"links": [
[
"pēnae",
"penae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnārum",
"links": [
[
"pēnārum",
"penarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"links": [
[
"pēnae",
"penae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnīs",
"links": [
[
"pēnīs",
"penis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnam",
"links": [
[
"pēnam",
"penam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnās",
"links": [
[
"pēnās",
"penas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnā",
"links": [
[
"pēnā",
"pena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnīs",
"links": [
[
"pēnīs",
"penis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēna",
"links": [
[
"pēna",
"pena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"links": [
[
"pēnae",
"penae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēna<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "poena"
}
],
"attestations": [
{
"date": "Mediaeval–early New Latin",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
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"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of poena"
],
"links": [
[
"poena",
"poena#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpeː.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛː.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mauritian Creole compound terms",
"Mauritian Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Mauritian Creole lemmas",
"Mauritian Creole verbs",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfe",
"2": "pa",
"3": "ena"
},
"expansion": "pa + ena",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pa + ena.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "mfe",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mauritian Creole",
"lang_code": "mfe",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to not have"
],
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"there is not, there are not"
],
"links": [
[
"there is",
"there is"
],
[
"there are",
"there are"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "pena"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
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{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pena",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "oblique plural",
"4": "penas",
"5": "nominative singular",
"6": "pena",
"7": "nominative plural",
"8": "penas",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)",
"name": "pro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Old Occitan feminine nouns",
"Old Occitan lemmas",
"Old Occitan nouns",
"Old Occitan terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Old Occitan terms derived from Latin",
"Old Occitan terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pain; suffering"
],
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dolor"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with etymon",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese interjections",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penoso"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷoynéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "penar"
},
{
"word": "penitência"
},
{
"word": "penitente"
},
{
"word": "valer a pena"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigo"
},
{
"word": "condenação"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pain; sadness"
],
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dor"
},
{
"word": "tristeza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with etymon",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese interjections",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
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{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷoynéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "intj"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
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{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pity (what a shame, what a pity)"
],
"links": [
[
"pity",
"pity"
],
[
"what a shame",
"what a shame"
],
[
"what a pity",
"what a pity"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
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"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ/2 syllables"
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"derived": [
{
"word": "Pena"
},
{
"word": "Penacova"
},
{
"word": "penada"
},
{
"word": "Penafiel"
},
{
"word": "Penalva"
}
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"etymology_number": "2",
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{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bird feather"
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"expansion": "etymology 2, noun sense 1",
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{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
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"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
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{
"args": {
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{
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{
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"2": "roa-opt",
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"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pẽna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pẽna",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "penna"
},
"expansion": "Latin penna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*petnā",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
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"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pẽna, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penna",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "penugem"
},
{
"word": "plumagem"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"feather"
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"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pt:bird feather"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pluma"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"quill (pen made from a feather)"
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[
"quill",
"quill"
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],
"senseid": [
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"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "penha"
}
],
"categories": [
"Portuguese obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
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],
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[
"penha",
"penha#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with etymon",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
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"word": "penar"
}
],
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],
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[
"penar",
"penar#Portuguese"
]
],
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},
{
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],
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[
"penar",
"penar#Portuguese"
]
],
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}
],
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"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
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},
{
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"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -ɛnɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
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}
],
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{
"form": "pȅna",
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},
{
"form": "пе̏на",
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{
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"form": "peny",
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{
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{
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{
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"form": "penách",
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},
{
"form": "Alt: Unknown tone or non-tonal",
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},
{
"form": "The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
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},
{
"form": "please help by adding the tonal marks.",
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[
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]
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[
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"derived": [
{
"word": "a duras penas"
},
{
"word": "a malas penas"
},
{
"word": "a penas"
},
{
"word": "ahogar las penas"
},
{
"word": "alma en pena"
},
{
"word": "apenar"
},
{
"word": "dar pena"
},
{
"word": "de pena"
},
{
"word": "hecho una pena"
},
{
"word": "merecer la pena"
},
{
"word": "ni pena ni gloria"
},
{
"word": "pena ajena"
},
{
"word": "pena de la vida"
},
{
"word": "pena de muerte"
},
{
"word": "pena máxima"
},
{
"word": "penar"
},
{
"word": "penoso"
},
{
"word": "penudo"
},
{
"word": "qué pena me das"
},
{
"word": "siervo de la pena"
},
{
"word": "sin pena ni gloria"
},
{
"word": "so pena de"
},
{
"word": "valer la pena"
}
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]
}
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},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
38,
42
]
],
"ref": "2021 June 20, Carlos E. Cué, “Las razones de los nueve indultos: “Fomentar la convivencia en Cataluña””, in El País, archived from the original on 21 Jun 2021:",
"text": "Serán parciales —solo se perdonará la pena de prisión que queda por cumplir, pero la inhabilitación para cargos públicos seguirá vigente— y reversibles.",
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],
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],
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],
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}
],
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9,
13
]
],
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}
],
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],
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"pity"
]
],
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],
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}
],
"tags": [
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"uncountable"
]
},
{
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],
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],
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],
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}
],
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"uncountable"
]
},
{
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],
"glosses": [
"sorrow"
],
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) sorrow"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lástima"
},
{
"word": "tristeza"
}
],
"tags": [
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"uncountable"
]
},
{
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],
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],
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],
[
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"dar pena#Spanish"
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],
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],
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"word": "lástima"
},
{
"word": "tristeza"
}
],
"tags": [
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"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"Spanish uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"embarrassment"
],
"links": [
[
"embarrassment",
"embarrassment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Latin America, Tenerife, uncountable) embarrassment"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vergüenza"
},
{
"word": "palta"
}
],
"tags": [
"Latin-America",
"Tenerife",
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Requests for example sentences in Spanish"
],
"glosses": [
"trouble"
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "problema"
},
{
"word": "dificultad"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Canarian Spanish"
],
"glosses": [
"bellyache"
],
"links": [
[
"bellyache",
"bellyache"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canary Islands, often as \"penita\") bellyache"
],
"raw_tags": [
"as \"penita\""
],
"tags": [
"Canary-Islands",
"feminine",
"often"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ena",
"Rhymes:Spanish/ena/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms",
"es:Emotions"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe‧na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/ena",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/ena/2 syllables",
"Tagalog 2-syllable words",
"Tagalog entries referencing missing etymons",
"Tagalog entries with etymology texts",
"Tagalog entries with etymon",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog nouns",
"Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish",
"Tagalog terms derived from Spanish",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "es:pena",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"pena\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"es\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Tagalog\", \"term\" : \"pena\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"tl\" }\" data-lang=\"tl\" data-title=\"pena\">\nBorrowed from Spanish pena.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish pena.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜉᜒᜈ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "pena (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)",
"name": "tl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe‧na"
]
}
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "apenas"
},
{
"word": "penal"
},
{
"word": "penolohiya"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kastigo"
},
{
"word": "parusa"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"penalty; fine"
],
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"fine",
"fine"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pain; sorrow; grief"
],
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛː.n̪ɐ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "it",
"3": "penna"
},
"expansion": "Italian penna",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Italian penna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penayı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "penalar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penayı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penaya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penanın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penaların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "penayı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "penalar",
"f1request": "1",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pe",
"na"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-v"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish terms borrowed from Italian",
"Turkish terms derived from Italian",
"tr:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"plectrum"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"plectrum",
"plectrum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) plectrum"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnɑ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mızrap"
},
{
"word": "çalgıç"
},
{
"word": "tezene"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*ad poenam"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *ad poenam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "appena"
},
"expansion": "Italian appena",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *ad poenam, with apheresis of /a-/. Compare Italian appena, etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Venetan adverbs",
"Venetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Venetan lemmas",
"Venetan terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Venetan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"hardly"
],
"links": [
[
"hardly",
"hardly"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 21 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük non-lemma forms",
"Volapük noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of pen"
],
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen#Volapük"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pena meaning in All languages combined (66.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Basahan spelling ᜉᜒᜈ",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Central Bikol",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Basahan spelling ᜉᜒᜈ",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Central Bikol",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: singular",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: plural",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: accusative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: locative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: instrumental",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for singular",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for plural",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for nominative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for pena",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for peny",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for genitive",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for peny",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for pien",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for pene",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for penám",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for accusative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for penu",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for peny",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for locative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for pene",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for penách",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for instrumental",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for penou",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for penami",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for Alt: Unknown tone or non-tonal",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovene",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovene",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for please help by adding the tonal marks.",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovene",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.