See pena on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mni",
"3": "ꯄꯦꯅꯥ"
},
"expansion": "Manipuri ꯄꯦꯅꯥ (penaa)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Manipuri ꯄꯦꯅꯥ (penaa).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
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{
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{
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},
{
"kind": "other",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A Meitei classical musical instrument."
],
"id": "en-pena-en-name-x0VvA-Kv",
"links": [
[
"Meitei",
"Meitei"
],
[
"classical music",
"classical music"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ameritar la pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "valir la pena"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "penes",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "penes"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "ast-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
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"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"grief; sorrow"
],
"id": "en-pena-ast-noun-yHk5q-px",
"links": [
[
"grief",
"grief"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
],
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"feminine"
]
},
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{
"_dis": "32 64 4",
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],
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-ast-noun-b7d48KWB",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sentence (for a crime)"
],
"id": "en-pena-ast-noun-YbcsKjql",
"links": [
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "es",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish pena",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish pena.",
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{
"form": "péna",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "péna",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "péna (Basahan spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)",
"name": "bcl-noun"
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],
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"pe‧na"
],
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"lang_code": "bcl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"penalty"
],
"id": "en-pena-bcl-noun-3r~FQwMw",
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
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{
"word": "padusa"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"prohibition; forbiddance"
],
"id": "en-pena-bcl-noun-WoaB1fDP",
"links": [
[
"prohibition",
"prohibition"
],
[
"forbiddance",
"forbiddance"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prohibisiyon"
},
{
"word": "pagbawal"
},
{
"word": "pangalad"
}
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.n̪a]"
}
],
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
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}
],
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"pena"
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}
{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "magpena"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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}
],
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{
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"1": "bcl",
"2": "es",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish pena",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
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{
"form": "péna",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "péna",
"b": "+"
},
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],
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"pe‧na"
],
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{
"glosses": [
"to penalize"
],
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[
"penalize",
"penalize"
]
],
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{
"word": "padusa"
}
]
},
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"glosses": [
"to prohibit, to forbid"
],
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[
"prohibit",
"prohibit"
],
[
"forbid",
"forbid"
]
],
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{
"word": "prohibir"
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]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.n̪a]"
}
],
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
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}
],
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"pena"
],
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}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "a penes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pena capital"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "valer la pena"
}
],
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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},
{
"args": {
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"3": "pena",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
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},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Catalan pena",
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},
{
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
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{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
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],
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"lang_code": "ca",
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{
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-b7d48KWB",
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[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
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"Justice",
"Society",
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],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"penalty"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-3r~FQwMw",
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[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) penalty"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grief, sorrow, pain"
],
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[
"grief",
"grief"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
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"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"difficulty, trouble"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-7nnw7lRS",
"links": [
[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a shame, a pity"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-sMmkp5Bt",
"links": [
[
"shame",
"shame"
],
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
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"args": {
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"expansion": "Inherited",
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{
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"5": "fin",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin pinna (“fin”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "pinna",
"4": "",
"5": "fin"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin pinna (“fin”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
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],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"peen (of a hammer)"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-L3j0-4lg",
"links": [
[
"peen",
"peen"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "ca:Nautical",
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"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aft portion of the yard (spar used to attach a sail)"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-EOMssP7h",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"aft",
"aft"
],
[
"yard",
"yard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) aft portion of the yard (spar used to attach a sail)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpə.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "pinna",
"4": "",
"5": "merlon",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin pinna (“merlon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "la",
"3": "pinna",
"t": "merlon"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin pinna (“merlon”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
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}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "large rock",
"word": "penya"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of penya (“large rock”)"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-noun-42vPc1tM",
"links": [
[
"penya",
"penya#Catalan"
]
],
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"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
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"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpə.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
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"expansion": "pena",
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"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 0 0 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 11 2 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 11 2 8 1 3 0 1 1 11 2 1 3 4 1 0 11 2 1 0 1",
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"_dis": "8 6 4 0 2 3 6 5 53 13",
"kind": "other",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-verb-dJ76-DVG",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-pena-ca-verb-YHjjSUiJ",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷoynéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "death penalty",
"word": "pena de morte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penitencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penitente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "que pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vale a pena"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 4 41 2 2 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the bishop and this Fernando Bonome, for him and for his wife, compromised themselves, under a penalty of a thousand coins, to respect this agreement",
"ref": "1370, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 103:",
"text": "o bispo et esse Ferrand Bonome por si et por sa moller se obligaron su pena de mill mor. da boa moneda para gardaren a vnna parte aa outra todas estas cousas",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"punishment, penalty"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-fWoxudRb",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "so that his soul would be blessed and wouldn't wander in pain",
"ref": "1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 731:",
"text": "en guisa que a sua alma ouuese bẽeyçóm et nõ andase en pena",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pain; sadness"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-O~vHzM9w",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dor"
},
{
"word": "tristura"
},
{
"word": "mágoa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to pluck, to peel",
"word": "depenar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "to pluck",
"word": "depenicar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "tuft, crest",
"word": "penacho"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "pinna",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Latin pinna (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péth₂r̥",
"4": "*péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin pinna (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 4 41 2 2 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vanes or blades of a water wheel"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-n~6Eb5jc",
"links": [
[
"vanes",
"vanes"
],
[
"blades",
"blades"
],
[
"water wheel",
"water wheel"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aspa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The raven speaks, listen everyone:\n\"I come with black wings\nCutting the winds from afar\nTo arrive to these feasts.\nToday Apolo turned\nWhite my black feathers\nFor singing, as the Swan,\nThe greatness of Fonseca.\"",
"ref": "1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:",
"text": "Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:\nEu veño con asas negras\nCortando os ventos de longe\nPara chegar à estas festas.\nOge Apolo me tornou\nEn brancas as negras penas,\nPara cantar como o Cisne\nAs grandezas de Fonseca.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-tSEV6lU8",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) feather"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pluma"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "all of that boiled together with a hen pelt",
"ref": "1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 133:",
"text": "coito todo ensenbra con pena de gallina",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pelt"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-qCCqFaDu",
"links": [
[
"pelt",
"pelt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) pelt"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pelica"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Pena Corveira"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penaboa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penalba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penalonga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penamaior"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penamoura"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Pendón"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Peneda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "boulder, rocky outcrop",
"word": "penedo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penedón"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penela"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penelas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penido"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penouco"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penouta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Penouzos"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "pinna"
},
"expansion": "Latin pinna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kʷennom",
"4": "",
"5": "head"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "penha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese penha",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), either from Latin pinna (\"feather, wing\"; then \"merlon, fortress\"; then, hypothetically, \"rock\"), or from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”). Compare Portuguese penha.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 4 41 2 2 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high",
"ref": "1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 688:",
"text": "alý se leuãtara hũa pena, que era en çima moy chãa et moyto alta contra o çeo",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"boulder, rock"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-N3of31K-",
"links": [
[
"boulder",
"boulder"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "penedo"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"hill, hillock; mountain"
],
"id": "en-pena-gl-noun-QAoSLDvX",
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"hillock",
"hillock"
],
[
"mountain",
"mountain"
]
],
"qualifier": "place names",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, place names) hill, hillock; mountain"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cabeza"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.nɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cantigas de Santa Maria",
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "pt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese pena",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "péna"
},
"expansion": "Kabuverdianu péna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Portuguese pena. Cognate with Kabuverdianu péna.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Guinea-Bissau Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"id": "en-pena-pov-noun-tSEV6lU8",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "penna"
},
"expansion": "Malay penna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pt",
"3": "pena",
"t": "quill"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese pena (“quill”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "la",
"3": "penna"
},
"expansion": "Latin penna",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*petnā",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péth₂r̥",
"4": "*péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "pen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch pen",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pen"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of pen",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay penna, from Portuguese pena (“quill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Influenced by Dutch pen. Doublet of pen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pèna",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pena-pena",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "pèna"
},
"expansion": "pèna (plural pena-pena)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pè‧na"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pen (writing utensil)"
],
"id": "en-pena-id-noun-PI45UWY4",
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "pen"
},
{
"word": "bolpen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛna]"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fare pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "istituto di pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prendersi la pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "valere la pena"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pene",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural pene)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pé‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penale"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sorrow"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-LNvdgpEH",
"links": [
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trouble"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-cTDfQzVe",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"worry, anxiety"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-eZBxPYnw",
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"anxiety",
"anxiety"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pity"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-jAcGwKjc",
"links": [
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sentence, penalty, punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-MVexYdb5",
"links": [
[
"sentence",
"sentence"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigo"
},
{
"word": "punizione"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pain"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-noun-XHjI5xYO",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pé‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 0 0 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 11 2 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 11 2 8 1 3 0 1 1 11 2 1 3 4 1 0 11 2 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 12 1 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 12 1 10 1 4 0 1 0 12 1 1 4 5 1 0 12 1 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 3 3 10 1 64 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-verb-cveyq8s-",
"links": [
[
"penare",
"penare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-pena-it-verb-L-EpXMKK",
"links": [
[
"penare",
"penare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "penes",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2request": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "penes"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "lld-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penalty, punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-lld-noun-5CCwCDig",
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēna<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "poena"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of poena"
],
"id": "en-pena-la-noun-GlTx6iAn",
"links": [
[
"poena",
"poena#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"declension-1"
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpeː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpeːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pena"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pena",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "oblique plural",
"4": "penas",
"5": "nominative singular",
"6": "pena",
"7": "nominative plural",
"8": "penas",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)",
"name": "pro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pain; suffering"
],
"id": "en-pena-pro-noun-UF0GI7l6",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dolor"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penoso"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷoynéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-noun-b7d48KWB",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigo"
},
{
"word": "condenação"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pain; sadness"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-noun-O~vHzM9w",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dor"
},
{
"word": "tristeza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷoynéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "intj"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pity (what a shame, what a pity)"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-intj-ldbplsmt",
"links": [
[
"pity",
"pity"
],
[
"what a shame",
"what a shame"
],
[
"what a pity",
"what a pity"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "penar"
},
{
"word": "penitência"
},
{
"word": "penitente"
},
{
"word": "vale a pena"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "penada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Penacova"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Penafiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Penalva"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "penna"
},
"expansion": "Latin penna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*petnā",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péth₂r̥",
"4": "*péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plumagem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "penugem"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-noun-pt:feather",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pt:feather"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pluma"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"quill (pen made from a feather)"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-noun-pt:quill",
"links": [
[
"quill",
"quill"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pt:quill"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "penha"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of penha"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-noun-e9DAlxWS",
"links": [
[
"penha",
"penha#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Alternative form of penha"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dated",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 0 0 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 11 2 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 11 2 8 1 3 0 1 1 11 2 1 3 4 1 0 11 2 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 12 1 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 12 1 10 1 4 0 1 0 12 1 1 4 5 1 0 12 1 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 7 12 0 7 4 35 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-verb-dJ76-DVG",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-pena-pt-verb-YHjjSUiJ",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -ɛnɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pěna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pěna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pěna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*(s)páināˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)páināˀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)poH(y)-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)poH(y)-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)páināˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)poH(y)-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pȅna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "пе̏на",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pȅna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pȇnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "peni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "pȅna"
},
"expansion": "pȅna f (Cyrillic spelling пе̏на)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pȅna",
"10": "pene",
"11": "peni",
"12": "penama",
"13": "penom",
"14": "penama",
"2": "pene",
"3": "pene",
"4": "pȇnā",
"5": "peni",
"6": "penama",
"7": "penu",
"8": "pene",
"9": "peno"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foam"
],
"id": "en-pena-sh-noun-jMLNeXhb",
"links": [
[
"foam",
"foam"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Ikavian"
],
"word": "pȉna"
},
{
"tags": [
"Ijekavian"
],
"word": "pjȅna"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pěna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pěna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pěna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penový",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "penička",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "pienka",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "peny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "pene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "penu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "penách",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "penou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"adj": "penový",
"dim": "penička",
"dim2": "pienka"
},
"expansion": "pena f (relational adjective penový, diminutive penička or pienka)",
"name": "sk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "sk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak terms with declension žena",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foam"
],
"id": "en-pena-sk-noun-jMLNeXhb",
"links": [
[
"foam",
"foam"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpena]"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pěna"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pěna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pěna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pẹ́na",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "please help by adding the tonal marks.",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "péna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "péne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "péni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "péno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "péni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "péno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pẹ́na",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "pẹ́na f",
"name": "sl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pén",
"n": "sg"
},
"name": "sl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foam"
],
"id": "en-pena-sl-noun-jMLNeXhb",
"links": [
[
"foam",
"foam"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pèːna/"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "a duras penas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "a penas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ahogar las penas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alma en pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "apenar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dar pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "de pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hecho una pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ni pena ni gloria"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pena de la vida"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pena de muerte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pena máxima"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "qué pena me das"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "siervo de la pena"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sin pena ni gloria"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "so pena de"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "valer la pena"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "osp",
"3": "pena",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "osp",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Spanish pena",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Spanish pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penitencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penitente"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-b7d48KWB",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigo"
},
{
"word": "condena"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 27 10 1 24 29 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "es:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pain, sadness"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-Fmgassh-",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dolor"
},
{
"word": "tristeza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trouble"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-cTDfQzVe",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "problema"
},
{
"word": "dificultad"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pity"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-jAcGwKjc",
"links": [
[
"pity",
"pity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lástima"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin American Spanish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 27 10 1 24 29 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "es:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"embarrassment"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-noun-hXcDme1T",
"links": [
[
"embarrassment",
"embarrassment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Latin America) embarrassment"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vergüenza"
},
{
"word": "palta"
}
],
"tags": [
"Latin-America",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 2 0 0 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 11 2 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 11 2 8 1 3 0 1 1 11 2 1 3 4 1 0 11 2 1 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 20 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 12 1 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 12 1 10 1 4 0 1 0 12 1 1 4 5 1 0 12 1 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 15 19 2 2 45 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 27 10 1 24 29 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "es:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-verb-dJ76-DVG",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-pena-es-verb-YHjjSUiJ",
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "es",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish pena",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish pena.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜉᜒᜈ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "pena (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)",
"name": "tl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "penal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 28 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 6 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 6 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"id": "en-pena-tl-noun-b7d48KWB",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kastigo"
},
{
"word": "parusa"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"penalty; fine"
],
"id": "en-pena-tl-noun-OqTC2Em8",
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"fine",
"fine"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 11 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pain; sorrow; grief"
],
"id": "en-pena-tl-noun-7-hOUwE3",
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛː.n̪ɐ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "it",
"3": "penna"
},
"expansion": "Italian penna",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Italian penna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penayı",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "penalar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penayı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penaya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalara",
"source": "declension",
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"plural"
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{
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"singular"
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{
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"plural"
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{
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"singular"
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{
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"plural"
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{
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"genitive",
"singular"
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{
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"plural"
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"sort": ""
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{
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[
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[
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"plectrum"
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{
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{
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"lifestyle",
"music"
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}
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{
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{
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"1": "it",
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}
],
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[
"hardly",
"hardly"
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}
{
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{
"args": {
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{
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[
"pen",
"pen#Volapük"
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{
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{
"word": "valir la pena"
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{
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{
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[
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"sorrow"
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{
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"punishment",
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{
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[
"sentence",
"sentence"
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{
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],
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{
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"penalty"
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"penalty"
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{
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"prohibition",
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[
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"penalize",
"penalize"
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{
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[
"forbid",
"forbid"
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{
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{
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"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
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"Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan",
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{
"word": "pena capital"
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{
"word": "penal"
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{
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{
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{
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"2": "grc",
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},
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],
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{
"form": "penes",
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"plural"
]
}
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{
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"penalty",
"penalty"
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{
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[
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"pain"
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},
{
"glosses": [
"difficulty, trouble"
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[
"difficulty",
"difficulty"
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[
"trouble",
"trouble"
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],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a shame, a pity"
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[
"shame",
"shame"
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[
"pity",
"pity"
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],
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"feminine"
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
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"Central"
]
},
{
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"Balearic"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
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"Valencia"
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
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{
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}
],
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"peen (of a hammer)"
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[
"peen",
"peen"
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],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ca:Nautical"
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"glosses": [
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"nautical",
"nautical"
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[
"aft",
"aft"
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[
"yard",
"yard"
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"feminine"
],
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"nautical",
"transport"
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],
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"Central"
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},
{
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"Balearic"
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{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
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"Valencia"
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
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}
{
"categories": [
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{
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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{
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],
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{
"form": "penes",
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"plural"
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}
],
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{
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],
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "large rock",
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}
],
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"Alternative form of penya (“large rock”)"
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[
"penya",
"penya#Catalan"
]
],
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"alt-of",
"alternative",
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}
],
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{
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"Central"
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},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpə.nə]",
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"Balearic"
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},
{
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}
],
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],
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[
"penar",
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{
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],
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[
"penar",
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],
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"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛ.nə]",
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"Central"
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},
{
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"Balearic"
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},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe.na]",
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"Valencia"
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
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{
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{
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}
],
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{
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"lit": "",
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"word": "Pena Corveira"
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"word": "Penaboa"
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"word": "Penalonga"
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{
"word": "Penamaior"
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{
"word": "Penamoura"
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"word": "Pendón"
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{
"word": "Peneda"
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"english": "boulder, rocky outcrop",
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"word": "Penedón"
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{
"word": "Penela"
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"word": "Penelas"
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"word": "Penido"
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"word": "Penouco"
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"word": "Penouta"
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"word": "Penouzos"
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"tags": [
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}
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"glosses": [
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{
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},
{
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],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penare:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"penare",
"penare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penare:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"penare",
"penare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "penes",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2request": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": ""
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "penes"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penes)",
"name": "lld-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"Ladin feminine nouns",
"Ladin lemmas",
"Ladin nouns",
"Ladin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Ladin terms derived from Latin",
"Ladin terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"penalty, punishment"
],
"links": [
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēna<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "poena"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of poena"
],
"links": [
[
"poena",
"poena#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"declension-1"
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpeː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpeːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pena"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pena",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "oblique plural",
"4": "penas",
"5": "nominative singular",
"6": "pena",
"7": "nominative plural",
"8": "penas",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)",
"name": "pro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Occitan entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Occitan feminine nouns",
"Old Occitan lemmas",
"Old Occitan nouns",
"Old Occitan terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Old Occitan terms derived from Latin",
"Old Occitan terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pain; suffering"
],
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"suffering",
"suffering"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dolor"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese interjections",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penoso"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷoynéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"punishment"
],
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "castigo"
},
{
"word": "condenação"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pain; sadness"
],
"links": [
[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"sadness",
"sadness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dor"
},
{
"word": "tristeza"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese interjections",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "poena"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "penalty, fine, bloodmoney"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷoynéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "intj"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "intj",
"related": [
{
"word": "penar"
},
{
"word": "penitência"
},
{
"word": "penitente"
},
{
"word": "vale a pena"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pity (what a shame, what a pity)"
],
"links": [
[
"pity",
"pity"
],
[
"what a shame",
"what a shame"
],
[
"what a pity",
"what a pity"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Latin",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Portuguese terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penada"
},
{
"word": "Pena"
},
{
"word": "Penacova"
},
{
"word": "Penafiel"
},
{
"word": "Penalva"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "pena"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pena",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "penna"
},
"expansion": "Latin penna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*petnā",
"4": "",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*péth₂r̥",
"4": "*péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-",
"5": "feather, wing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pena f (plural penas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "plumagem"
},
{
"word": "penugem"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pt:feather"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pluma"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"quill (pen made from a feather)"
],
"links": [
[
"quill",
"quill"
]
],
"senseid": [
"pt:quill"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "penha"
}
],
"categories": [
"Portuguese dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of penha"
],
"links": [
[
"penha",
"penha#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Alternative form of penha"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dated",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/enɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ɛnɐ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ẽnɐ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"penar",
"penar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpẽ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpe.na/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛ.nɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -ɛnɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -enɐ"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ẽnɐ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
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{
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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{
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{
"args": {
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{
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}
],
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{
"form": "pȅna",
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]
},
{
"form": "пе̏на",
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},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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},
{
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{
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},
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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],
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{
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"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
],
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[
"foam",
"foam"
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],
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}
],
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{
"tags": [
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{
"tags": [
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],
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{
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],
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{
"form": "penový",
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"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "penička",
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"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "pienka",
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"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
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{
"form": "pena",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peny",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
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{
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},
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},
{
"form": "dative",
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{
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},
{
"form": "penám",
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]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
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{
"form": "penu",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
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},
{
"form": "penách",
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "penou",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penami",
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"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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],
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{
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{
"categories": [
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Slovak terms with declension žena"
],
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"foam"
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[
"foam",
"foam"
]
],
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],
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]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈpena]"
}
],
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}
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"2": "sla-pro",
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],
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{
"form": "pẹ́na",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
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"table-tags"
]
},
{
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]
},
{
"form": "The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "please help by adding the tonal marks.",
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},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"table-tags"
]
},
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},
{
"form": "a-stem",
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"tags": [
"class"
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},
{
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"nominative",
"singular"
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},
{
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"genitive",
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]
},
{
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{
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},
{
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"locative",
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{
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],
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"foam",
"foam"
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}
],
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{
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"Rhymes:Spanish/ena/2 syllables",
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"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish",
"Spanish terms inherited from Latin",
"Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Spanish verb forms",
"es:Emotions"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "a duras penas"
},
{
"word": "a penas"
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{
"word": "ahogar las penas"
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{
"word": "alma en pena"
},
{
"word": "apenar"
},
{
"word": "dar pena"
},
{
"word": "de pena"
},
{
"word": "hecho una pena"
},
{
"word": "ni pena ni gloria"
},
{
"word": "pena de la vida"
},
{
"word": "pena de muerte"
},
{
"word": "pena máxima"
},
{
"word": "penar"
},
{
"word": "penoso"
},
{
"word": "qué pena me das"
},
{
"word": "siervo de la pena"
},
{
"word": "sin pena ni gloria"
},
{
"word": "so pena de"
},
{
"word": "valer la pena"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
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{
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],
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{
"form": "penas",
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]
}
],
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"1": "f"
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{
"word": "penitencia"
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{
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],
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],
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{
"word": "castigo"
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{
"word": "condena"
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],
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
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"pain"
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[
"sadness",
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],
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{
"word": "dolor"
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{
"word": "tristeza"
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],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trouble"
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"trouble",
"trouble"
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],
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{
"word": "problema"
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{
"word": "dificultad"
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],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pity"
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],
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{
"word": "lástima"
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],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin American Spanish"
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"glosses": [
"embarrassment"
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[
"embarrassment",
"embarrassment"
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],
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{
"word": "vergüenza"
},
{
"word": "palta"
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],
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"Latin-America",
"feminine"
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}
],
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{
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{
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],
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{
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],
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{
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{
"word": "penar"
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],
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"inflection of penar:",
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],
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[
"penar",
"penar#Spanish"
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],
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"indicative",
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},
{
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"word": "penar"
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],
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[
"penar",
"penar#Spanish"
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],
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"imperative",
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/"
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{
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{
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],
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{
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"Tagalog terms derived from Spanish",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation",
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],
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"3": "pena"
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"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish pena",
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],
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{
"form": "ᜉᜒᜈ",
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"Baybayin"
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}
],
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{
"args": {
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],
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"pe‧na"
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{
"word": "penal"
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"punishment"
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[
"punishment",
"punishment"
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],
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{
"word": "kastigo"
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{
"word": "parusa"
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"penalty; fine"
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[
"penalty",
"penalty"
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[
"fine",
"fine"
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
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[
"pain",
"pain"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpena/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛː.n̪ɐ]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ena"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
],
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}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "it",
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"expansion": "Italian penna",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Italian penna.",
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{
"form": "penayı",
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"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "penalar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-v",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penayı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penaları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penaya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penanın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penaların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "penayı",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "penalar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yı",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-v"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish terms borrowed from Italian",
"Turkish terms derived from Italian",
"tr:Music"
],
"glosses": [
"plectrum"
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"plectrum",
"plectrum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) plectrum"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛnɑ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mızrap"
},
{
"word": "çalgıç"
},
{
"word": "tezene"
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*ad poenam"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *ad poenam",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "appena"
},
"expansion": "Italian appena",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *ad poenam, with apheresis of /a-/. Compare Italian appena, etc.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Venetan adverbs",
"Venetan entries with incorrect language header",
"Venetan lemmas",
"Venetan terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Venetan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"hardly"
],
"links": [
[
"hardly",
"hardly"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vo",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "pena",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Volapük",
"lang_code": "vo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 20 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Volapük entries with incorrect language header",
"Volapük non-lemma forms",
"Volapük noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of pen"
],
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen#Volapük"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
],
"wikipedia": [
"pena"
]
}
],
"word": "pena"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pena meaning in All languages combined (57.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Basahan spelling ᜉᜒᜈ",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Bikol Central",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: Basahan spelling ᜉᜒᜈ",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Bikol Central",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: nominative, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: genitive, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: dative, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: accusative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: accusative, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: locative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: locative, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: instrumental",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: instrumental, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for nominative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for genitive",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for accusative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for locative",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for instrumental",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovene",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for please help by adding the tonal marks.",
"path": [
"pena"
],
"section": "Slovene",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pena",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (e4a2c88 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.